Showing posts with label Slavery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Slavery. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 24, 2013

My First Hate Mail - I Guess I Should Be Proud!

Someone told me that bad publicity is as important as good publicity. 

I recently received my first bit of hate mail concerning my historical novel, The Secret of Wattensaw Bayou.  I welcome constructive criticism as it will help me become a better writer.  But this hate filled message, which came to my author's Facebook page, had little to do with my book and much to do with Southern apologetics and racial tinged hate that the Son's of Confederate Veterans (SCV) and other such Neo-Confederate organizations spew.  I recognize the talking points.

I've tried to be a member of the SCV on two different occasions.  The fist was in my home town when I was in my teens.  The second in my adopted home during the early 1990s.  I viewed it as a heritage organization to remember the four years of sacrifice our southern ancestors endured during the Civil War.  Both times I was disappointed to find the leadership was more interested in making excuses for the Southern cause and denying that slavery had anything to do with the decision to go to war.   I found few scholars, and many haters.

I don't know if Charles Wright is a member of the SCV, but his letter exemplifies the rhetoric that I heard over and over again during my time in that organization. 

I'll post his letter below and my response.  There were 35 other comments between Mr. Wright first message and the last comment.  Mr. Wright's vitriol intensified as my supporters responded.  It seems that he was bashing a book that I had not yet written.  His complaints had little if anything to do with Wattensaw Bayou.   If you would like to read the entire exchange you can find it on my author's Facebook HERE.  Look for the Charles Wright's post under "Recent Posts by Others" on the right side of the page.



Sir: The terrible bias in your book, the Secret of Wattensaw Bayou, degrades an otherwise wonderful book. The Union army invaded a sovereign nation, committed war on civilians as a matter of strategy, raped all colors, stole from all colors, burned out all colors, killed for the fun of it all colors, salted ground, poisoned wells, etc. The Confederate army, always offered Confederate Script for anything they took, plus even rounded up men that didn't abide by these rules, and court marshaled them even putting them in front of a firing squad. The war was with the Godly South, vs the godless north, your story is a travesty to the memory of Good Confederate Soldiers. I would hope that you would study history, and be ashamed of shaming the memory of such good people, while sanctifying the aggressors, who committed these atrocities against our civilian people! Please study the history of these two people, and learn the truth! The war wasn't about slavery, and slavery was on it's way out. I enjoy even fiction work about this area, but don't enjoy someone putting such bias into it, and trying to damage the names of good people, states, and nations.


Mark Hubbs


Mr. Wright, I think it is time that I chime in this discussion.  I'm gratified that you took time to read my book, "The Secret of Wattensaw Bayou."  Did you have ancestors in the DeValls Bluff area?  If so, we might be cousins.  The Jonathan Wright in the books is a real person - my G-G-G Grandfather.  He was one of the first settlers in the White River valley, there long before statehood.
If you did indeed read the book, you will know that the story is a snapshot in time for one family in Prairie County Arkansas between June 1862 and August 1863.  I'm perplexed about your concern that I portrayed the Union in such a good light and did not describe atrocities committed by Union troops.  Heck, I hardly portrayed Union troops at all!  There is a second hand account of the Union Navy raid at DeValls Bluff half way through the book and then in the last chapter the US Army marches near the family's home.  There were no Northern atrocities at those places on those days.  I would have had to fabricate any atrocities to fit them into the story.  In the interest of accurate history, I'm sure you would not have me do that.

I sense that you are actually more upset that I have portrayed the south and the CS soldiers in a negative light.  I can assure you that all of the issues that the Wright family dealt with are actual problems that many southerners caught in the War, saw firsthand.

·         Slave patrollers did search for, capture and mistreat slaves who were away from their homes without permission.  This went on before and during the War.

·         After the Conscription Act of 1862, men were indeed forced into the CS Army, sometimes at gunpoint.

·         Men did desert in large numbers, and they did have the threat of trial and execution if caught.

·         Slave owners were compelled to "lease" their slaves to the CS government for use in the War effort.  The death rate from disease in those labor camps was just as appalling as those in the soldier's camps.

·         The CS government did not protect their citizens from the lawless bands of men who terrorized the remote areas of the state.

·         Slavery did exist, 4 million people were in bondage, and their lives and labor was being stolen from them.  Many of them suffered terribly, physically and emotionally, at the hands of their masters. 
 

As far as "dishonoring" CS soldiers.  There was only one character in the book portrayed as a villain (Capt Campbell.)   There are others who are treated neutrally or as honorable and loyal men of the community. 
As far as your statement that the War had nothing to do with slavery, we cannot know the hearts of men who lived 150 years ago, unless they left their thoughts on paper.  As a result, we don't know the motivations of the average CS soldier.  However, we do have clear insight into the motivations of the decision makers who precipitated Secession and the War.  This is the central point of a letter from Alabama's Gov Moore when he called the Secession Convention for Alabama in 1861:

"Who is Mr. Lincoln, whose election is now beyond question? He is the head of a great sectional party calling itself Republican: a party whose leading object is the destruction of the institution of slavery as it exists in the slaveholding States. Their most distinguished leaders, in and out of Congress, have publicly and boldly proclaimed this to be their intention and unalterable determination. Their newspapers are filled with similar declarations. Are they in earnest? Let their past acts speak for them.
Nearly every one of the non-slaveholding States have been for years under the control of the Black Republicans. A large majority of these States have nullified the fugitive slave law, and have successfully resisted its execution. They have enacted penal statutes, punishing, by fine and imprisonment in the penitentiary, persons who may pursue and arrest fugitive slaves in said State. They have by law, under heavy penalties, prohibited any person from aiding the owner to arrest his fugitive slave, and have denied us the use of their prisons to secure our slaves until they can be removed from the State. They have robbed the South of slaves worth millions of dollars, and have rendered utterly ineffectual the only law passed by Congress to protect this species of property. . .
All these things have been effected, either by the unconstitutional legislation of free States, or by combinations of individuals. These facts prove that they are not only in earnest and intent upon accomplishing their wicked purposes, but have done all that local legislation and individual efforts could effect.
Knowing that their efforts could only be partially successful without the aid of the Federal Government, they for years have struggled to get control of the Legislative and Executive Departments thereof. They have now succeeded, by large majorities, in all the non-slaveholding States except New Jersey, and perhaps California and Oregon, in electing Mr. Lincoln, who is pledged to carry out the principles of the party that elected him. The course of events show clearly that this party will, in a short time have a majority in both branches of Congress. It will then be in their power to change the complexion of the Supreme Court so as to make it harmonize with Congress and the President. When that party get possession of all the Departments of Government, with the purse and the sword, he must be blind indeed who does not see that slavery will be abolished in the District of Columbia, in the dock-yards and arsenals, and wherever the Federal Government has jurisdiction.
It will be excluded from the Territories, and other free States will in hot haste be admitted into the Union, until they have a majority to alter the Constitution. Then slavery will be abolished by law in the States, and the "irrepressible conflict" will end; for we are notified that it shall never cease, until "the foot of the slave shall cease to tread the soil of the United States." The state of society that must exist in the Southern States, with four millions of free negroes and their increase, turned loose upon them, I will not discuss--it is too horrible to contemplate.
I have only noticed such of the acts of the Republican party as I deem necessary to show that they are in earnest, and determined to carry out their publicly avowed intentions--and to show that their success has been such as should not fail to create the deepest concern for the honor and safety of the Southern States.--Now, in view of the past and our prospects for the future, what ought we to do? What do wisdom and prudence dictate?--What do honor and safety require at our hands?"
Here is a link to the minutes of the Alabama Secession Convention.  It is amazing how much the preservation of slavery is discussed during this convention

http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/smithwr/smith.html
Best Regards


Sunday, August 12, 2012

"She Washed and Ironed Till She Died" Amanda Hulett, Former Slave


My novel, The Secret of Wattensaw Bayou relies a great deal on attitudes, experiences and dialog of former slaves taken from the Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. These are transcribed interviews with ex-slaves that were done by the Federal Government in the early 1930s. 2,194 such interviews were conducted. My home state of Arkansas had the largest number of interviews at 677.  The slave girl Mandy, who appears in Chapter Twenty of The Secret of Wattensaw Bayou, is based on Amanda Hulett mentioned in the Slave Narratives.   She was owned by Dr. Williams C. Hazen, also a character in my book. 



 (You can read about another character based on a real slave and my chance discovery of his grave site in an earlier entry here:  http://erasgone.blogspot.com/2012/07/goosebumps-and-headstones-in-addition.html)

 Amanda was one of 25+ slaves who were brought to Prairie County Arkansas from Tennessee by Dr. Hazen in the early 1850s.  When the Union Army approached in August 1863, Hazen took his slaves and refugeed to Texas.  Hazen burned everything he could not carry with him, including his entire cotton crop.  He returned to Prairie County in 1865, but left his young wife Mary in a lonely Texas grave.  Many of Hazen's slaves continued to work for him and his sons after freedom came.  An interview with Amanda's daughter for the Arkansas Slave Narratives indicates that the Hazens treated their former slaves well and provided fair wages, homes, and land for a church and school.  The town of Hazen, Arkansas, founded in 1872, encompasses much of the area of Dr. Hazen's farm. 

 Here is the complete transcription of the interview of Emma Smith, Amanda's daughter:

 Interviewer: Miss Irene Robertson
Person interviewed: Emma Hulett Smith; Hazen, Arkansas
Age: 66

 "I was the first colored baby born here or very near here. There was only three houses in this town (Hazen). I think they muster been log houses.

 My folks belong to Dr. Hazen. He brought families from Tennessee.  When the war broke out he took em to Texas.  Then he brought em back here.  When they was freed I heard my mother say they worked on for him and his boys (Alex and Jim Hazen) and they paid them. He was good to them.  They had er plenty always. After the war they lived in good log houses and he give em land and lumber for the church. Same church we got cept a storm tore it down and this one built in place of it. He let em have a school. Same place it stands now.  My mother (Mandy Hulett) got a Union pension till she died. She cooked at the first hotel in Hazen for John Lane.  She washed and ironed till she died. We girls helped and we wash and iron all we can get now.  None of us not on relief (Fannie nor Emma).  I can't wash no more.  My hands and arms swell up with rheumatism. I still iron all I can get.

 The present conditions seems awful unsettled; wages low, prices high and work scarce at times.  Men can get work in the hay two months and bout two months work in the rice or pickin cotton, either one.  Then the work has played clean out till hay time next year.

"How do they live? Some of their wifes cooks for white people and they eat all they make up soon as they get paid. Only way they live."


Census records indicate that Mandy married Jesse Hulett, another former Hazen slave, after the war.  Her daughter mentions a "Union Pension," however I have not been able to determine if this was a Federal Government pension or one provided by the Knights and Daughters of Tabor (see more on this below.)  There is no record of her husband, Jesse Hulett, serving in the Army during the Civil War. (There was another black man named Jesse Hulett who did receive a pension, but it proved to be a different Jesse.)  Mandy Hulett is buried in an African American cemetery on the former Hazen farm. 

Just like Israel Thomas, I found Mandy's grave after discovering her in the Slave Narratives and writing her into my novel.  It seemed that she and Thomas were waiting for me to find them in this lonely graveyard not far from Wattensaw Bayou.

 If you look closely at Mandy's headstone you will see a curious inscription.  This is the symbol for the International Order of Knights and Daughters of Tabor.  It is often found on the headstones of African Americans who passed in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. 

Knights and Daughters of Tabor Pin. Courtesy of Pris Weathers at http://www.arkansasties.com/


Rev. Moses Dickson founded the International Order of the Knights and Daughters of Tabor in 1872 as a fraternal order based on benevolence and financial programs. It also encouraged education and some chapters held literary and social entertainment.  It was organized similar to Freemasonry and Woodmen of the World, except that it accepted men and women on equal terms.  The order offered a burial policy and weekly cash payments for the sick and infirm.  Mandy's headstone was probably provided by the Order, and the "Union pension" that Emma mentions may have been Order benefits.

The Order was most active in the former Slave States, but had chapters in 30 states, England, and the West Indies.  Very little information is available on-line concerning the Order.  It seems to have died out sometime in the 1960s.   The Arkansas headquarters for the Order, Taborian Hall, is still standing in Little Rock and is on the National Register of Historic Places.  More photos and information concerning the building can be found at this website:  http://www.arkansasties.com/Pulaski/Structures10/TaborianHall1.htm

Taborian Hall in Little Rock.  Courtesy of Pris Weathers at http://www.arkansasties.com/



FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE SLAVE NARRATIVES - This site offers excellent background information on the initiation and conduct of the project as well as transcripts of each of the interviews.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/

Monday, July 16, 2012

Goosebumps and Gravestones



In addition to some great family stories, an inspiration for my book, "The Secret of Wattensaw Bayou," are The Slave Narratives.  These are transcribed interviews with ex-slaves that were done by the Federal Government in the early 1930s.  2,194 such interviews were conducted.  My home state of Arkansas had the largest number of interviews at 677.  I read many of the interviews before I realized that there was a search engine for the entire collection.  I had already developed characters for my book, including a young slave man who was a lay preacher.  This character was important because of his spiritual influence on my protagonist. 

I searched the collection and, to my surprise and delight, found the names of three slaves who were actually owned by Dr. William Cogswell Hazen, a historical character in the story.  It was almost like finding a needle in a haystack, and I had found three of them!  One of these was Israel Thomas, and my young lay-preacher was soon christened "Israel" in the pages of the book.

Grave of Rev Israel G. Thomas
Fast forward several months and my first opportunity to visit the old Hazen farm near Wattensaw Bayou (and now inside the town of Hazen, Arkansas.)  With Geological Survey maps of the area, I was looking for cemeteries, specifically those on the old Hazen property.  The first that I located on the ground was small, maybe 2 acres.  The front held recent burials, but older plots dotted the back of it.  There were many unmarked graves, and it was not long before I realized it was an African American cemetery.  You can imagine my surprise when I found the marker in this photo.  It took me a moment to realize that this was "my" Israel.  The hair on the back of my neck stood up, and I got the proverbial goose bumps up my arms!

Israel was a preacher, just as I had fictionalized him in my novel.  Later research told me that he founded the first Freedman's church in the new town of Hazen, Arkansas soon after the end of the War.  I am still moved by this discovery.

Both of the other "Hazen" slaves that I found in the slave narratives are buried in the same poorly maintained cemetery.  Their stories will come another time.  It is almost like they have been waiting there all these years for someone to come and find them, in the narratives and in their graves.